Patent SA 1020264183
Reservoir Water Balance Simulator
Adjust controls and observe how both dams respond under SCADA Tandem Role-Separation. All values derived from Patent SA 1020264183.
Regional Reserve
267
days
KS Storage
800
Mm³
Annual Net Inflow
530
Mm³/yr
Storage Cost
0.40
SAR / m³ (vs 2.10 desal)
System Controls
Rainfall Year Normal
Drought Normal Wet
SWRO Pipeline Flow 230 Mm³/yr
0 (offline) 200 260 Mm³/yr
Downstream Supply Release 177 Mm³/yr
MAR Injection Active Yes
Off On
Population Demand 4.0 M
SCADA Live Log
[SCADA] System initialised — Tandem Role-Separation active
[KS] Level: 100.0% FSL — Strategic reserve: FULL
[KF] Level: 50.0% FSL — Flood buffer: 130 Mm³ RESERVED
[PIPE] Pipeline flow: 230 Mm³/yr — Off-peak schedule active
[MAR] Injection ring: ACTIVE — 75 Mm³/yr
[PSH] Standby — awaiting KF > 52% FSL trigger
Live Dam Levels — Tandem Role-Separation
King Salman Dam
Strategic Storage ONLY
100%
40–100% FSL • 520–800 Mm³
NEVER below 40% FSL
SCADA PSH
PSH
STANDBY
King Fahad Dam
Flood Buffer ONLY
50%
40–60% FSL band enforced
130 Mm³ surge ALWAYS reserved
KS operational zone
KF buffer zone
60% FSL upper limit (KF)
40% FSL floor
12-Month Reservoir Level Simulation
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
JanFeb MarApr MayJun JulAug SepOct NovDec
KS Level (%FSL)
KF Level (%FSL)
40% FSL minimum
Pump-Storage Hydroelectricity Revenue Model
70 m net head between King Salman (upper) and King Fahad (lower) dams. SCADA protects flood buffer at all times — PSH halts at KF ≤ 45% FSL.
PSH Parameters
Installed Capacity 20 MW
Phase A (20 MW) Phase B (70 MW) Phase C (200 MW)
TOU Scenario Current (2026)
Include SEC Capacity Payments No
Exclude Include
Operating Days / Year 340 days
SCADA Protection Rules
PUMP: KF > 52% FSL only
GENERATE: KF < 50% FSL only
HALT: KF ≤ 45% FSL (ABSOLUTE)
RTE: 82% pump × 88% turbine = 72.2%
Annual Arbitrage
2.5
SAR million / yr
SEC Capacity Fee
—
SAR million / yr
Total Revenue
2.5
SAR million / yr
Revenue vs Capacity & TOU Scenario
Current 2026
TOU Phase 1
TOU Phase 2
TOU Phase 3
Daily Energy Balance
PUMP (23:00–06:00)
140 MWh in
SAR 11,200
⇌
GENERATE (15:00–20:00)
101 MWh out
SAR 18,180
Daily net profit: SAR 6,980
Climate Resilience Stress Test
System performance under IPCC climate scenarios. SWRO pipeline provides rainfall-independent strategic backbone under any climate pathway.
Wadi Flow
550
Mm³/yr (mid-estimate)
Regional Reserve
267
days
System Status
ROBUST
Strategic reserve maintained
SWRO Contribution
43%
of total annual inflow
Reservoir Level Over 36 Months Under Scenario
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Yr 1 Q1 Yr 1 Q3 Yr 2 Q1 Yr 2 Q3 Yr 3 Q1 Yr 3 Q3
KS Level with AQUAVOLT
Estimated level without system
40% FSL critical floor
Scenario Comparison — System vs No System
Scenario Without AQUAVOLT With AQUAVOLT
Baseline 2026 47 days 267 days
SSP1-1.9 (optimistic) 45 days 255 days
SSP2-4.5 (intermediate) 38 days 241 days
SSP5-8.5 (worst case) 27 days 218 days ✓
5-Year drought sequence CRITICAL FAILURE 186 days ✓
30-Day pipeline outage No buffer 267 → 262 days ✓
Key resilience factor: The SWRO pipeline provides 200–260 Mm³/yr of rainfall-independent inflow. Even under SSP5-8.5 (50% wadi flow reduction), the pipeline alone sustains the reserve — making the system robust under all credible 2100 scenarios.
Economic & Financial Model
Adjust assumptions to stress-test the financial case. Base case: SAR 18.4B NPV, 12.1% IRR, ~8-year payback.
Model Assumptions
Total CAPEX SAR 10,813 M
SAR 8,000 M SAR 14,000 M
Discount Rate 6.5%
Annual Benefit — Conservative SAR 1,950 M
Project Life 50 years
OPEX (% of CAPEX/yr) 1.5%
50-yr NPV
SAR 18.4 B
IRR
12.1%
Payback
~8 yrs
BCR
1.8 : 1
Annual Benefit Breakdown
NPV Sensitivity — Discount Rate vs Annual Benefit
Strategic Outcome Summary
Key performance indicators from Patent SA 1020264183 — all numbers verifiable against 28 authoritative sources in the Master White Paper V6.0.
Regional Reserve
267
days (×6 improvement)
▲ From 47 days
National Reserve
29
days (×6 improvement)
▲ From 5 days
vs International Standard
×12.7
the 21-day standard
267 ÷ 21 days
Storage Cost
0.40
SAR/m³ (vs 2.10 desal)
5.25× cheaper
Before vs After — Complete Comparison
MetricBeforeAfter AQUAVOLT HSAWES
Total integrated storage~228 Mm³1,290 Mm³
Regional reserve47 days267 days (~9 months)
National reserve5 days29 days
vs 21-day standardBelow standard×12.7 standard
Drinking water (4M people)6 days267 days
Agricultural reserve3 days104 days
Storage cost (per m³)SAR 2.10 (desal)SAR 0.40 (5.25× cheaper)
Climate stress (SSP5-8.5)Critical failure riskRobust through 2100
30-day outage scenarioHumanitarian crisisReserve absorbs entirely
Aquifer depletion3–6 m/yr declinePartially reversed by MAR
Annual benefits—SAR 1,950–3,389 M/yr
50-year NPV—SAR 18.4 billion
IRR / Payback—12.1% / ~8 years
Vision 2030 Alignment
Patent & IP Status
🔒
Patent SA 1020264183
Filed with SAIP — May 2026
● FILED
🌍
PCT International Filing
Planned — subject to strategic review
● PLANNED
📋
Full Technical White Paper
V6.0 — 28 references — available under NDA
● READY
🔬
Phase 0 Field Verification
SAR 15–24 M · 6–10 months · KFUPM cooperation sought
● SEEKING
Adel Abouzahra · Energy Expert Engineer · +966 564237241 · adel.abouzahra@gmail.com